天然免疫应答和炎症普及免疫与人类健康知识.pptxVIP

4 天 然 免 疫 应 答 和 炎 症 ;;;;天然免疫（innate immunity）;Table 2. Physico-chemical barriers to infections;Table 2. Physico-chemical barriers to infections;Attachment Of E.coli O157 To M Cells;4-1 可溶性天然免疫分子;天然免疫细胞;组织中的肥大细胞含有大量致密细胞颗粒; 静息肥大细胞;They are the earliest phagocytic cells to appear in the bacterial infection and are prominent constituent of pus.;Two neutrophils in blood film? ;Neutrophil - electron micrograph. Note the two nuclear lobes and the azurophilic granules ;Histopathology of lymphadenopathy due to infection by HIV-1. Subcapsular sinus. The sinus contains increased numbers of neutrophils. ;（2）巨噬细胞 (macrophages) ——常住边防细胞;Figure 2 Blood film showing a monocyte (left) and two neutrophils?;Monocyte with ingested malaria parasite ;;Macrophage Attacking E.coli (SEM x8,800) ;Alveolar (Lung) Macrophage Attacking E. coli (SEM x10,000);; 巨噬细胞除表达直接识别受体外，还表达能够结合补体成分、MBP、LBP、IgG （Fc ? RI、Fc ? RII和Fc ? RIII）等分子的间接识别受体。;Adherence of bacteria via receptors;1、直接识别受体（direct recognition receptors）;;清杂受体由三条肽链相互盘绕而成。分子的中部为 a 三螺旋长颈，顶部C端配体结合单元由三个富含半光氨酸的结构域组成 。靠近细胞膜的下半部有多重的糖基化 。;2 、间接识别受体（indirect recognition receptors）;病 原 菌 的 吞 噬 与 杀 伤;;A. Respiratory burst: Oxygen-dependent, myeloperoxidase-independent reactions; ① 产生超氧离子 O2 + NADPH O2- + NADP + H+ ② 产生过氧化氢 2O2 + 2H2 H2O2 + O2 ③ 产生盐酸 H2O2 + Cl + H+ HOCl + H2O ④ 产生有机氯胺 HOCl + R-NH RNCl + H2O ⑤ 产生单个氧原子 H2O2 + OCl- 1 O2 + H2O + Cl- ⑥ 产生羟基游离基 H2O2 + O2- O2 + OH- + .OH ;NO 途 径;Nitric oxide-dependent killing;Oxygen-independent mechanisms of intracellular killing;Oxygen-independent mechanisms of intracellular killing;Macrophage Phagocytosis;巨噬细胞的三??活化状态 静息状态（resting state） 活化状态（primed state） -- IFN-? 亢奋状态