细胞信号通路ppt细胞信号通路大全上下细胞信号通路ppt interferon_pathway.pptVIP

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P STAT2 STAT1 STAT2 STAT1 STAT1 STAT2 STAT1 STAT1 IRF9 IRF9 CREB IFNGR1 IFNGR2 INFg IFNa, IFNb,IFNe, IFNk, IFNw Translation mRNA Transcription Ser727 Interferon Pathway ISRE GAS Gene Expression Transcription PI3K PI3K MAPKKK MAPKK6 MAPKK3 STAT1 STAT1 STAT1 STAT1/2 p38 mTOR IRS1/2 4EBP1 Rac1 eIF4E eIF4E IRF9 GEFs Vav MSK1 MSK2 RSP6 p70S6K PKCd IFNAR1 IFNAR2 JAK2 JAK2 JAK1 TYK2 Histone-H3 2009 ProteinL C * Review: To thwart viral infection, our cells have developed a formidable and integrated defense network that comprise of innate and adaptive immune responses. In an attempt to prevent viral replication, viral dissemination or persistent viral infection of the cell, many of these protective measures actually involve the induction of programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Once the virus has invaded the cell, a host defense-mediated response is triggered which involves the induction of a family of pleiotropic cytokines known as the IFNs (Interferons) (Ref.1). These IFNs constitute a heterogeneous group of proteins and are best known for their ability to induce cellular resistance to virus infection. However, IFNs also affect many other cellular functions, such as cell growth. IFNs are classified as either Type-I or Type-II. There are many Type-I IFNs, all of which have considerable structural homology. These include IFN-Alpha (which can be further subdivided into 13 different subtypes, IFN-Alpha1, -Alpha2, -Alpha4, -Alpha5, -Alpha6, -Alpha7, -Alpha8, -Alpha10, -Alpha13, -Alpha14, -Alpha16, -Alpha17 and -Alpha21), IFN-Beta, IFN-Delta, IFN-Epsilon, IFN-Kappa, IFN-Tau and IFN-Omega (Ref.2). IFN-Alpha, IFN-Beta, IFN-Epsilon, IFN-Kappa and IFN-Omega exist in humans, whereas IFN-Delta and IFN-Tau have been described only for pigs and cattle, respectively, and do not have human homologues (Ref.3, 19 20). All Type-I IFNs bind a common cell-surface receptor, which is known as the Type-I IFN receptor. By contrast, there is only one