暨大本科生态学课件general ecology 4.ppt

第４章 温度关系 Temperature Relations Contents 主要内容 1 Microclimates (微)小气候 2 Temperature and performance of Organisms 温度与生命活动 3 Regulating body temperature 体温调节 4 Surviving extreme temperature 极端温度 A sample Peter Kevan had come to Ellesmere Island, which lies at about 82°N latitude in the Northwest Territories of Canada, to study sun-tracking behavior by arctic flowers. Peter Kevan在位于加拿大西北北极区陆地北纬82°的Ellesmere岛采用北极花全缘仙女木（Dryas integrifolia）来研究植物的趋光行为. Increasing temperature花朵增温 Kevan found that the sun-tracking behavior of Dryas integrifolia increased the temperature of its flowers. Though the air temperature hovered around 15℃, the temperature of the Dryas flowers was nearly 25℃. Kevan发现全缘仙女木的趋光行为使得它的花朵温度升高。虽然空气温度一般保持在15℃左右，但是仙女木的花瓣温度却达到25℃。 Mutualism to insects 互利作用 Many species of small insects, attracted by their warmth, basked in the sun-tracking Dryas flowers, elevating their body temperatures as a consequence.花朵提供温暖 Dryas integrifolia depends on these insects to pollinate its flowers.昆虫帮助全缘仙女木花授粉 The thermometer 温度计 The thermometer was one of the first quantitative instruments to appear in the scientific tool kit, and we have been measuring and reporting temperatures ever since.温度计是科学家工具箱中最早出现的定量仪器之一，从那时起我们就开始测量和报告温度。 Human concern for temperature shows itself everywhere. 人类对温度的关注无处不在 。 Forecasts temperatures 温度预报 Local television reviews the high and low temperatures of the preceding day and forecasts temperatures for the coming day.地方电视回顾前一天的最高和最低温度，并且预报第二天的温度。 Daily newspapers report temperatures from nearly every corner of the globe.每天的报纸会报道差不多地球每个角落的温度。 Global warming 全球变暖 If two people from different regions meet, the first questions they ask concern the weather: Are the summers very hot? Are the winters cold?如两个异乡人见面，他们最先问到的就是天气, 夏天热吗？冬天冷吗？ Today we listen apprehensively to the forecast of a small temperature change--the prospect of global warming.但我们现在总会担心地听到温度在发生小小变化的预报——全球气候变暖 ． Why is human so conc