翻译中核心概念词汇的积累和应用.pdfVIP

翻译中核心概念词汇的积累和应用 泛瑞翻译 笔者在教授汉译英口译课程中，曾设置了好几轮的“数字练习”。这项练习 原本旨在考查学生对中英文数字和单位转换的掌握情况， 屡次出现有关增减的概 念。根据当时的课堂录音来看， 绝大部分同学都一直沿用 “increase/decrease ” 的表达。一方面，我很欣慰大家都翻译得正确无误、简明实用；但另一方面，也 不禁为他们语言、 词汇的丰富程度隐隐担心。 如果一整篇文章、 一大段发言都抱 住这两个动词不放，那未免有些单调，读者和听众的接受效果也会受到影响。 对于口笔译从业者来说，除了掌握与特定领域相关的专业词汇，也需要加强 普通词汇和长套句型的训练，以夯实自己的语言基础。以“增减”一项为例，初 学者的表达往往比较贫乏，而职业译员则不会满足于反复使用“ increase ”和 “decrease ”，其产出会自然而然地构建起一张“语义网”。笔者曾在课下帮 助学生列表总结了有关“增减”的核心概念词 ,后期又补充如下 : 核心概念词： 提高、增长、发展、扩展等 advance, aggrandize, aggravate,amplify, augment,boost, broaden, build,build up,deepen, develop, dilate, double,enhance,enlarge, escalate, exaggerate, expand, extend, further, gain in, go up, grow,heighten, increase, inflate, intensify, lengthen, magnify, mark up,mount,mount up, multiply,progress,proliferate,prolong, protract, raise, redouble, reinforce, rise, sharpen, snowball, spread,step up,strengthen,supplement, swarm,swell,teem,thicken, triple, widen,skyrocket, soar, etc. 下降、减弱、减少、退化等 go/come down, drop, fall,decrease,decline, abate, calm down, check,contract,crumble,curb,curtail,cut down, decay,decline, degenerate,depreciate,deteriorate,devaluate ，diminish,droop, drop,drop off, dry up,dwindle,ease,ebb,evaporate,fade,fall off, lessen,lighten,lose edge,lower,narrow down,plunge,reduce, restrain, run low, shrink, shrivel, sink, slack off,slacken, slash, slow down, slump, soften, subside, tail off,wane,weaken, wear away, wear down, wither, etc. 表比率 make/take up,account for,constitute,comprise,occupy, represent, be composed of,etc. 总结 summarize, sum up, recap, recapitulate, conclude, etc. 表提出、提议 propose, suggest, put forward, state, move, claim, etc. 表猜测、想像 speculate, guess, predict, assume, presume, conceive, etc. 表怀疑、顾虑 question,doubt, suspect,unsure, uncertain,have apprehension of, hesitate, etc. 表考虑、研究 consider,