16 javaeehadoop大数据90课就业班day45_项目no 2课件37625.ppt

26 August 2004 Transport CDM Workshop A Maintenance Program for a bus fleet Lessons from a Potential CDM Project in India Kaushik Deb, TERI Structure of the presentation The policy context CDM and transport: Synergies Key barriers The Project Need for an effective maintenance Inspection Systems: CDM project Emission savings Cost estimates Lessons Urban transport in India Large urban population Over 1/3 in 2001 High vehicle density in urban areas 33% concentrated in cities with 10% population 82% are personal vehicles Inadequate public transport Effective public transport in only 10 cities Rail in only 3 cities No urban transport policy Diffused institutional arrangements Implications for economic sustainability Cities are vertices of continued growth Trends in vehicle population Vehicle Ownership Urban travel demand projections Vehicular Growth Policy response in India Largely technology based response Vehicle emissions Fuel quality Mandating alternative fuels Inadequate attention to demand management NMT discriminated against in resource Land use development haphazard, not in sync with transport planning Public transport not encouraged, personal vehicles have become more accessible Emission norms New vehicles 1991: First mass emission norms (CO HC) 1995: Catalytic converters for cars in 4 metros 1996: Further tightening of norms (CO, HC NOx) 2000: Bharat Stage I (~EUROI) 2001: Bharat Stage II in Delhi (~EURO II) Sustained progress!!! In use vehicles 1989: Idle emission regulation 2004: Some tightening Piece meal efforts Government’s Auto Fuel Policy Need for an effective system for in use vehicles Norms very lax No consistent improvement Limited coverage Only idle tests for CO (petrol) Free acceleration tests for smoke (diesel) Limited regulatory ability Equipment not calibrated No auditing/ training Weak maintenance system Synergizing Objectives Global Significant potential for GHG mitigation in transport in India National Positive impacts on local air qu