第三节 基因控制蛋白质的合成 .ppt

第三节 《基因控制蛋白质的合成》;1. mRNA(信使RNA） Messenger RNAs-are the nucleic acids that "record" information from DNA in the cell nucleus and carry it to the ribosomes and are known as messenger RNAs (mRNA). （功能：作为编码蛋白质中氨基酸的模板）;2.rRNA (核糖体RNA）Ribosomal RNAs-exist outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm of a cell in structures called ribosomes Ribosomes are small, granular structures where protein synthesis takes place. Each ribosome is a complex consisting of about 60% ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 40% protein. (功能：核糖体的 组成结构的一部分） ;3. tRNA (转运RNA）Transfer RNAs-The function of transfer RNAs (tRNA) is to deliver amino acids one by one to protein chains growing at ribosomes. （功能：转运氨基酸） ;2021/4/13;Translation is the process by which the genetic messages carried by mRNA are decoded and used to build proteins in the cytoplasm;U;; 2.大多数氨基酸有多个密码子，例如，GUU，GUA都编码缬氨酸;3.AUG（编码甲硫氨酸）为起始密码子，翻译从此密码子开始，少数起始密码子为GUG;4.UAA,UAG,UGA（终止密码子，不编码任何氨基酸），翻译到次终止;2021/4/13;1.Initiation AUG,GUG（起始密码子）;; Protein synthesis occurs in three stages: Initiation, Elongation and Termination.(蛋白质的合成包括三个步骤：起始，延长，终止) ? ;A set of three nucleotide bases on a tRNA molecule is called an anticodon(反密码） ;2021/4/13;DNA bases=RNA base =3 amino acid;3.Three types of RNA involved in comprising the structural and functional core for protein synthesis, serving as a template(模板) for translation, and transporting amino acid, respectively, are: A mRNA, tRNA, rRNA B rRNA, tRNA, mRNA C tRNA, mRNA, rRNA D tRNA, rRNA, mRNA E rRNA, mRNA ,tRNA; 5.With what mRNA codon would the tRNA in the diagram be able to form a codon-anticodon base pairing interaction? 3'-AUG-5‘ B. 3'-GUA-5‘ C. 3'-CAU-5‘ D. 3'-UAC-5‘ E. 3'-UAG-5'