自-2007年本科英语美国文学史复习资料 .docVIP

??殖民主义时期的文学★3、清教徒的想法：①Puritａns　wanｔ to　maｋe up pure ｔheir reliｇiｏus belieｆs and practｉces.净化信仰和行为方式②ｗiｓh ｔo restoｒe siｍｐlicｉty to chuｒch　seｒvices ａnd　ｔhe aｕtｈorｉtｙ ｏf the Bible to theｏlogy.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位③look uｐon thｅmselves as a　chｏsen peopｌe, ａｎd iｔ fｏllｏw logｉｃally thａｔ anｙone who chａllenｇed thｅｉr wａy of ｌｉfe is oppｏsｉｎg Ｇod’s will anｄ is not tｏ be　accepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。④Purｉtaｎ oppｏsｉtion　tｏ pｌeａsｕｒe　and　ｔhｅ arｔs somｅtimes has beeｎ exａggeｒａｔed．反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步。⑤ｒelｉｇiouｓ teacｈing tｅnded to ｅmphａｓiｚe　the　imａｇe　of a wrathful　Ｇod．强调上帝严厉的一面,忽视上帝仁慈的一面。1、Ｃouｌd you give　a dｅscriｐtion　oｆ Amerｉｃan　Pｕrｉtans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘?Likｅ thｅiｒ brｏthers baｃk iｎ Eｎglaｎd，　werｅ iｄeａｌiｓｔｓ, belｉeｖing thaｔ tｈe Chｕrch sｈould be ｒestｏred　to tｈe “purity”　of the　ｆｉrｓｔ-cｅntury　Ｃhurｃh　ａｓ　ｅstablisｈed bｙ Jesｕs Christ　Ｈimself. Ｔo tｈｅm ｒｅliｇioｎ was a maｔｔer of priｍaｒy　impｏrtaｎcｅ. Theｙ made ｉt tｈeｉｒ chｉeｆ businｅsｓ ｔo　sｅｅ　that man ｌiｖed ａnd　tｈoｕght aｎd acted　in a way wｈiｃh ｔｅｎｄｅd to ｔｈe ｇｌｏry ｏf Ｇod．　They　accｅpted the docｔｒｉｎe　of predｅstination,　origiｎal　sin aｎd total ｄeｐravity,　anｄ ｌiｍiｔｅd atoneｍent tｈrｏugh a sｐeｃｉal　infusｉon oｆ　grace fｒom　God，　alｌ thａt John Ｃａｌvin, the　ｇreaｔ French tｈeolｏgｉan who lived　ｉn Gｅneｖａ had　pｒeacheｄ.　It　was tｈis kiｎd　of reliｇｉous ｂelief　ｔhat ｔｈey brought wiｔh ｔheｍ　intｏ ｔhe wｉldｎｅss． Ｔheｒe ｔhey meant　to　pｒｏve　thaｔ　were Ｇod’ｓ　choseｎ ｐeopｌe　eｎjoｙｉng　his bleｓsingｓ ｏn thｉｓ ｅａｒtｈ as　ｉn heａven.2、Ｈａrd ｗork， tｈrift,　ｐiety and sｏbriety wｅre the　Purｉtａn valuｅｓ thaｔ dominaｔｅd mｕｃh　oｆ the earlieｓｔ Amｅrｉcａn ｗriting.3、The　ｗｏｒk of twｏ　wｒitｅｒs， Anｎe Bradstｒｅet ａnd Edwａrd Taｙlor, rose tｏ ｔhe level ｏｆ rｅal poｅtry．4、The ｅaｒliesｔ settlers iｎcludｅd　Duｔch, Swｅdes, Ｇerｍａnｓ,　Freｎch, Spaｎｉards Itaｌian, aｎｄ Ｐoｒtuguese.?理性和革命时期文学Reｐresentativｅs：??Ｂeｎjaｍin Fraｎklｉn： Auｔoｂiｏgraｐｈｙ ?Ｐrose　\ ｅssay? ?? ?Tｈomas　Paine: Coｍmｏｎ　Sｅｎsｅ ?Ｔhomａs Ｊeffeｒｓoｎ:??Declaration of Iｎdeｐendｅｎce?Philip Freneaｕ:??poet ＼ joｕrnaliｓt ?启蒙运动对美国的影响? ?oppose ｃｏｌirａｌ　orｄｅr ａnd religiouｓ ｏbsｃuraｎtiｓｍ.?Seｃｕlａr ed