金属结构的热开裂及机械分析.doc

摘 要 裂纹是机械设备零件及工程构件中常见到的缺陷,很多危险性及大型事故都是由表面小裂纹或内部穿透裂纹外展引起的，因此研究如何抑制金属材料结构中裂纹的扩展，具有重大的理论意义和实用价值。 电磁热止裂技术是一种新颖的裂纹止裂及修复技术，利用电磁热效应遏制裂纹扩展的方法具有实施方便、收效迅速等明显的优越性。本文对带有空间半埋藏裂纹金属构件电磁热止裂技术进行了研究，结合理论分析、数值计算和实验分析开展工作，本文的研究内容如下： (1)采用复变函数方法，建立了空间环形裂纹电磁热效应止裂的理论分析模型，并以算例的形式给出了止裂瞬间的温度场。 (2)采用电、热和机械场三场顺次耦合的有限元分析方法模拟了金属构件中电磁热裂纹止裂中电流—温度—应力的演变过程；首次使用MARC有限元软件计算了空间带有半埋藏裂纹金属构件通入脉冲电流瞬间的温度场和热应力场 。 (3)通过超强脉冲电流放电装置，对带有半埋藏裂纹45钢金属构件和Cr12合金钢金属构件进行了在线电磁热止裂实验研究；在线电磁热半埋藏裂纹止裂实验研究中发现，在一定的拉伸外载荷作用下，止裂瞬间裂纹没有开裂；对止裂后裂尖附近组织进行了金相显微分析，发现了裂纹尖端周围强度、韧性和硬度均高于基体的白亮层微观组织结构，阐明了其遏制裂纹扩展的微观本质。 (4)对止裂前后的金属构件进行了拉伸、冲击、扭转力学性能试验，研究了止裂前后构件力学性能的变化。 理论计算、实验分析、数值模拟三方面的研究表明了利用电磁热效应能够实现金属构件中半埋藏裂纹止裂，所得结论可以为工程实际问题的解决提供指导。 关键词：电磁热效应；止裂；半埋藏裂纹；多场耦合；力学性能 Thermal cracking and mechanical analysis of metal construction Discipline: Material forming and control engineering Student Signature: Supervisor Signature: Abstract Crack is familiar in machine parts and project components. Many disastrous accidents are caused by the surface crack or the penetration fracture. Therefore, the research on how to prevent the crack expansion in metal material, has a significant theoretical and practical value. Crack arrest by electromagnetic heating is a relatively new technology for stopping internal crack propagation in metal components. Crack arrest by electromagnetic heating has the obviously advantage of carrying out conveniently and taking effect rapidly. This article researches on the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, experimental surveys of crack arrest by the electromagnetic heating based on the introduction of half-imbedded metal structures with crack. The results can provide the theoretical basis for solving practical problems. The main work can be outlined as follows: (1)The space theoretical model was set up using the method of complex variable function, and the temperature field and the stress field were gave in the style of calculating examples in the instant time of crack arrest. (2)The electrical, thermal and mechanical fiel