产油微生物研究中组学技术的具体运用-生物技术论文-生物学论文.docxVIP

产油微生物研究中组学技术的具体运用-生物技术论文-生物学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　微生物油脂是未来燃料和食品用油的重要潜在资源。近年来，随着系统生物学技术的快速发展，从全局角度理解产油微生物生理代谢及脂质积累的特征成为研究热点。组学技术作为系统生物学研究的重要工具被广泛用于揭示产油微生物脂质高效生产的机制研究中，这为产油微生物理性遗传改造和发酵过程控制提供了基础。文中对组学技术在产油微生物中的应用概况进行了综述，介绍了产油微生物组学分析常用的样品前处理及数据分析方法，综述了包括基因组、转录组、蛋白(修饰)组及代谢(脂质)组等在内的多种组学技术，以及组学数据基础上的数学模型在揭示产油微生物脂质高效生产机制中的研究，并对未来发展和应用进行了展望。 　　关键词：　基因组; 转录组; 蛋白组; 代谢组; 产油微生物; 　　Abstract：　Microbial oils are potential resources of fuels and food oils in the future. In recent years, with the rapid development of systems biology technology, understanding the physiological metabolism and lipid accumulation characteristics of oleaginous microorganisms from a global perspective has become a research focus. As an important tool for systems biology research, omics technology has been widely used to reveal the mechanism of high-efficiency production of oils by oleaginous microorganisms. This provides a basis for rational genetic modification and fermentation process control of oleaginous microorganisms. In this article, we summarize the application of omics technology in oleaginous microorganisms, introduced the commonly used sample pre-processing and data analysis methods for omics analysis of oleaginous microorganisms, reviewe the researches for revealing the mechanism of efficient lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms based on omics technologies including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics(modification) and metabolomics(lipidomics), as well as mathematical models based on omics data. The future development and application of omics technology for microbial oil production are also proposed. 　　Keyword：　genome; transcriptome; proteome; metabolome; oleaginous microorganisms;    　　油脂在食品生产、营养补充剂、清洁剂、润滑剂和生物燃料等方面均有较高的需求。随着人口的增加和耕地面积的减少，微生物油脂(Microbial oils)成为了近年来的研究热点，且被认为是未来食品和燃料用油重要的潜在资源[1,2]。微生物油脂，又称单细胞油脂(Single cell oils,SCO)，是指由微生物发酵生产的脂质。微生物油脂具有生产周期短、不受季节气候影响、不占用耕地且易于大规模生产的特点，符合绿色可持续发展的理念[3]。通常情况下，微生物胞内积累的脂质含量达到菌体干重20%以上即可被认为具有工业化生产油脂的潜