实验原子物理进展chapter2-rabi ocsillation-2016.docxVIP

Chapter 2 Chapter 2 2015.7.25 Density matrix and Rabi Oscillation 2.1 Rabi OscillationI21E(t) ? E0 cos(?t)I1 2.1 Rabi Oscillation I2 1 E(t) ? E0 cos(?t) I1 What kind spectroscopy does they get? How to describe this phenomena quantitatively? 2 Atomic beam Hot wire B A Microwave cavity Vapor cell Basic for interaction between atoms and photons 吸收光谱与荧光光谱PDPD 吸收光谱与荧光光谱 PD PD Two level atomI2E(t) Two level atom I2 E(t) ? E0 cos(?t) I1 Case(2) F=3?F=4, ?=? Case(1) F=4?F’=5, ?=? Quantum MeasurementA?1 , 2Letbe observable operator,eigenstatesWith eigenvalues ?1,? 2are all possible values of the measurement? (r)? Quantum Measurement A? 1 , 2 Let be observable operator, eigenstates With eigenvalues ?1,? 2 are all possible values of the measurement ? (r) ? c1 1 ? c2 2 Consider a system prepared in state A? form a complete basis 2 , c 2 c The corresponding probabilities: 1 2 ? n If the result of the measurement is n , n ? 1, 2 then the system (after measurement) is in pure state that is called wavefunction collapse Simple modelSchroedinger Equation:I2d? (r,t)?H Simple model Schroedinger Equation: I2 d? (r,t) ? H? (r,t) ? i dt E(t) ? E0 cos(?t) Stationary solution: I1 H? Atom? n (r) ? En? n (r)， n ? 1, 2 With: E t ? n (r,t) ? exp(?i n )? n (r) The energy difference:I2?0 ? E2 ? E1E(t) ? E0 cos(?t)Total Hamiltonian:I1H ? H The energy difference: I2 ?0 ? E2 ? E1 E(t) ? E0 cos(?t) Total Hamiltonian: I1 H ? Ho ? Hi Wave function: ? (r,t) ? C1 (t)?1 (r,t) ? C2 (t)? 2 (r,t) d? (r,t) ? ? E t ? (r, t) ? exp ? ? (r) ? H? (r,t) ? i i n ? ? n n ? ? dt d (C ? ? C ? ) H? (C ? ? C ? ) ? i (1) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 dt (H?0??? C ? ) ? i(C ?? C ? ) ? i(C ?C ?) (1)? n (r, t) ? exp??i?nt ?? n (r)H0? n (r,t) ? ?n exp??i?nt ?? n (r)? n (r) ? ?i?n exp??i?nt (H?0 ? ? ? C ? ) ? i (C ? ? C ? ) ? i (C ? C ? ) (1) ? n (r, t) ? exp??i?nt ?? n (r) H0? n (r,t) ? ?n exp??i?nt ?? n (r) ? n (r) ? ?i?n exp??i?nt ?? n (r) Here Step（1） left side ? C e?i?1t ( ? H ? ) ? C e?i?2t ( ? ? ? ? ? H ? ) 1 right side ? i