The Natural Approach自然法讲解稿.ppt

The Natural Approach Major components Background Approach Design Procedure Conclusion Background The concept was proposed by Tracy Terrell in1977 and elaborated by Krashen and Terrell’s combined statement in their book The Natural Approach, published in 1983. It is different from Natural Method which by 1900 had become known as Direct Method. They both conform to naturalistic principles but Natural Approach places more emphasis on comprehensible input. 这里的自然法不是指19世纪出现的自然法，那时的自然法是直接法的前身，与语法-翻译法相对应，强调口语教学。这里的自然法是指70年代后期在美国出现的自然法，代表人物是克拉申（Stephen Krashen)和泰勒尔（Tracy Terrell)。 自然法的指导思想是克拉申的语言习得理论，这种理论重视自然的交际，强调非正式的习得，而不注重形式语法的分析。 Approach Theory of language Krashen and Terrell see communication as the primary function of language and refer to the Natural Approach as an example of a communicative approach. They emphasize the primacy of meaning and view language as a vehicle for communicating meanings and messages. Acquisition can take place only when people understand messages in the target language. Krashen和Terrell认为语言最主要的功能是沟通，它是传递信息与意义的工具，唯有了解了目的语所要传达的信息后，习得才会发生。 自然法也被看作是交际法的一个例证。 Theory of learning The approach is grounded on Krashen’s language acquisition theory--Krashen’s Monitor Model. It consists of five hypotheses. The acquisition/learning hypothesis The monitor hypothesis The natural order hypothesis The input hypothesis The affective filter hypothesis The acquisition/learning hypothesis Acquisition and learning are two independent ways of developing L2 ability. Acquisition is a subconscious process which is similar to the process of learning one’s native language while learning is a conscious process in which the learner only obtains L2 linguistic knowledge. Learning, according to Krashen, can not lead to acquisition. The monitor hypothesis Conscious knowledge obtained through learning can only be used to serve as an editor under two conditions: the first condition is that the learner must be consciously concerned with a