农业昆虫学2.2-Earths Annual Global Mean Energy Budget农业昆虫学.pdf

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: /publication/241517161 Earths Annual Global Mean Energy Budget Article  in   Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · February 1997 DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)0780197:EAGMEB2.0.CO;2 2 authors, including: Jeffrey T. Kiehl University of California, Santa Cruz 232 PUBLICATIONS   24,728 CITATIONS    SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Early Eocene Climate View project All content following this page was uploaded by Jeffrey T. Kiehl on 28 July 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Earth’s Annual Global Mean Energy Budget J. T. Kiehl and Kevin E. Trenberth National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder, Colorado ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to put forward a new estimate, in the context of previous assessments, of the annual global mean energy budget. A description is provided of the source of each component to this budget. The top-of- atmosphere shortwave and longwave flux of energy is constrained by satellite observations. Partitioning of the radia- tive energy throughout the atmosphere is achieved through the use of detailed radiation models for both the longwave and shortwave spectral regions. Spectral features of shortwave and longwave fluxes at both the top and surface of the earth’s system are presented. The longwave radiative forcing of the climate system for both clear (125 W m−2) and cloudy (155 W m−2) conditions are discussed. The authors find that for the clear sky case the contribution due to water v