著作权法中拟制主体的判断和适用-商标法论文-法律论文-法学论文.docxVIP

著作权法中拟制主体的判断和适用-商标法论文-法律论文-法学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　在着作权法中涉及拟制主体判断的领域主要有:作品独创性的判断(客体适格性)和实质性相似的判断(权利边界)。当前理论界和实务界对着作权法拟制主体的择取主要存在普通公众标准、专家标准、创作者标准以及混合标准等等。通过对拟制主体的基本原理进行分析,明晰拟制主体的历史起源及其内涵,同时总结归纳出拟制主体界定的考量因素为:价值基础、所属群体的范围和认知水平、实现成本。根据上述因素的考量,相关作品领域的假想目标理性公众是着作权法领域中的最佳拟制主体。拟制主体择取标准确定之后,更具有价值和意义的工作是将这一标准适用于具体规则的构建以及具体问题的分析中,进而使得法院适用规则更有方向性。 　　关键词：　拟制主体; 独创性; 实质性相似; 目标理性公众; 商标法; 　　Abstract：　In the copyright law,the areas involved in the judgment of the juridical person are mainly:the judgment of the originality of the work (object fitness) and the judgment of substantially similar (right boundary).At present,the selection of the main body of copyright law in the theoretical and practical circles mainly includes ordinary public standards,expert standards,creator standards and mixed standards.By analyzing the basic principles of the juridical person,the historical origin and connotation of the juridical person are clarified.At the same time,the consideration factors for the definition of the juridical person are summarized as:value basis,scope of the group and cognitive level,and realization cost.Based on the consideration of the above factors,the hypothetical target rational public in the field of related works is the best juridical person in the field of copyright law.After the selection criteria of the juridical person is determined,the more valuable and meaningful work is to apply this criterion to the construction of specific rules and the analysis of specific issues,thereby making the courts application of rules more directional. 　　Keyword：　Juridical Person; Originality; Substantial Similarity; Target Rational Public; Trademark Law; 　　一、引言 　　拟制主体就其本质而言是一种法律塑造的技术方法,也即法官为实现相应的法价值和客服自身认知的偏见,通过模拟现实普通主体的知识结构和能力水平,构造出一个生动的人物形象,进而将该人物形象置身于现实的具体情境之下,来观察其所为与所思,并将其作为解决争议问题的一种标准。1拟制主体试图确立一种主观认知的客观化标准,正如拉伦茨所言,拟制主体是一种一般性的、客观标准。2大陆法系的拟制主体标准最初肇始于罗马法的善良家父标准,英美法系则起源于侵权领域的理性人标准。之后拟制主体的理念逐渐扩张到私法的其他领域,并慢慢渗透到了刑法、行政法和宪法等公法领域。其中拟制主体被贯之以各种称呼,例如善良家父善良管理人理性人