【医脉通-指南】2015+SIGN国家临床指南：成人癫痫的诊断和管理（143）.pdfVIP

SIGN 143 • Diagnosis and management of epilepsy in adults A national clinical guideline May 2015 Evidence KEY TO EVIDENCE STATEMENTS AND GRADES OF RECOMMENDATIONS LEVELS OF EVIDENCE ++ 1 High-quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias + 1 Well-conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a low risk of bias - 1 Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a high risk of bias High-quality systematic reviews of case-control or cohort studies 2++ High-quality case-control or cohort studies with a very low risk of confounding or bias and a high probability that the relationship is causal + Well-conducted case-control or cohort studies with a low risk of confounding or bias and a moderate probability that the 2 relationship is causal 2 - Case-control or cohort studies with a high risk of confounding or bias and a significant risk that the relationship is not causal 3 Non-analytic studies, eg case reports, case series 4 Expert opinion GRADES OF RECOMMENDATION Note: The grade of recommendation relates to the strength of the evidence on which the recommendation is based. It does not reflect the clinical importance of the recommendation. At least one meta-analysis, systematic review, or RCT rated as 1++, and directly applicable to the target population; or A A body of evidence consisting principally of studies rated as 1+, directly applicable to the target population, and demonstrating overall consistency of results ++ A body of evidenc