最新哈工大计算力学考试题及答案.docx

精品文档 （1）For a plane stress state, if the y-coordinate is regarded as a symmetric axis, try to make a sketch and write down the displacement boundary conditions at the symmetric axis in finite element modeling. (6 points) Solution: y B x A As shown in the figure, for a symmetric problem, we may define uA vA 0 at point A; and at point B, uB 0 2） Try to use the Castigliano ’first theorem to obtain the matrix equilibrium equations for the system of springs shown in the following Figure. (10 points) Solution： For the spring element, the strain energy is given by U e 1 k u 2 2 In which, k –stiffness of the spring, u - deflection of the spring. The total strain energy of the system of four springs is expressed by means of the nodal displacements and spring constants as U e 1 k1 (U 2 U 1 ) 2 1 k2 (U 3 U 2 )2 1 k3 (U 4 U 3 )2 1 k4 (U 5 U 4 ) 2 2 2 2 2 By application of the Castigliano ’ s first theoremforeach element U e k1 (U 2 U 1 )( 1) k1 (U 1 U 2 ) F1 U 1 精品文档 精品文档 U e k1 (U 2 U 1 ) k2 (U 2 U3) F2 U 2 U e k2 (U 3 U 2 ) k3 (U 3 U4) F3 U 3 U e k3 (U 4 U 3 ) k4 (U 4 U5) F4 U 4 U e k4 (U 5 U4) F5 U 5 The system stiffness matrix can be written as k1 k1 0 0 0 0 F1 k1 k1 k2 k2 0 0 U 2 F2 0 k2 k2 k3 k3 0 U 3 F3 0 0 k3 k3 k4 k4 U 4 F4 0 0 0 k4 k4 0 F5 3） The interpolation functions for a beam element of lengthL are write down a polynomial representation of the displacement field v(x) in terms of the above interpolation functions and show that d 2 v / dx2 = constant for the beam element subject to pure bending. (12 points) Solution： The displacement field for a beam element is v( x) a0 a2 x a2 x 2 a3 x3 It can also be expressed in terms of interpolation functions and nodal variables as v( x) N 1v1 N 2 1 N 3 v2 N 4 2 Substitute the interpolation functions into the above equation and after a few manipulations, we have dv dN1 dN 2 dN 3 v2 dN 4 dx dx v1 1 dx 2 dx dx 精品文档 精品文档 6 x 6x2 v1 1 4 x 3x 2 1 6 x 6x 2 v2 2x 3x2 2