环境毒理学4_PPT课件.pptVIP

牡蛎Oysters: “已经发现壬基酚（nonylphenol）在太平洋牡蛎中诱导了长期和传代的效应…当它们的幼体暴露在环境壬基酚中…性比率改变…增加30%的雌雄同体…配子的生命力下降，直到100%的死亡.” 性比率, 雌雄同体，繁殖失败 Nice, HE, D Morritt, M Crane and M Thorndyke. 2003. Long-term and transgenerational effects of nonylphenol exposure at a key stage in the development of Crassostrea gigas. Possible endocrine disruption? Marine Ecology Progress Series 256:293-300. * 酵母雌激素筛选: “当与雌二醇结合…双酚A 或o,p‘-DDT将产生出… 外激素和甾类雌激素之间的叠加效应.” 11种外雌激素的叠加效应导致激素作用的惊人地增加, 即便每一种外激素都在NOEC 水平以下.” 弱外激素的叠加效应 Rajapakse, N, D Ong and A Kortenkamp. 2001. Defining the Impact of Weakly Estrogenic Chemicals in the Ac