病理生理学 (5)病理生理学.pdf

1. Imbalance and regulation of homeostasis When a disease occurs, the original homeostasis is broken, and the body establishes a new balance under the pathological state through feedback regulation. CASE 1 ： A male patient, 28 years old, was admitted to the hospital due to high fever and cough for two days. The patient experienced chills that night after being exposed to rain two days ago, and continued to have high fever, dyspnea and cough. Physical examination: a body temperature of 39.5 ℃, a pulse of 100 times per minute, and a breath of 26 times per minute. Blood routine: WBC count 17,000 per microliter, and neutrophils 85%. After admission, the patients condition gradually improved through anti-infection and other treatments, and he was discharged after his body temperature returned to normal. QUESTION: what were the changes in the patients body temperature? The red line is the dynamic curve representing the set point, while the black line is the body temperature curve. The patients body temperature went through three stages: I. the fervescence stage; II. the persistent febrile stage; III. the defervescence stage ; reflect a general rule of disease — imbalance and regulation of homeostasis. 2. Inj ury and anti-inj ury response During the process of disease development, the body must have an anti-injury response to the injury. The contradiction between injury and anti-injury is throughout the whole process of disease and determines the direction of disease development. CASE 2 ： A patient, male, 45 years old, was admitted to the hospital for emergency treatment due to an accidental ingestion of organophosphorus pesticides for one hour. The patient