第一章货物的品质、数量、包装.pptx

第一章 国际贸易的标的物 ;第一节Name of commodity (goods)  商品的品名;第二节 The quality of commodity (goods)  商品的品质 品质是商品的内在质量和外观形态的综合;二、Methods of Stipulating Quality 品质的表示 方法;; 　 1、Sales by seller’s sample Send the sample: To promote business, the quality of sample is always better than that in ordinary production process. We should be cautious about it. If customer confirms the sample, the quality of products must be on the same level of the sample, including the outward appearance and essential quality as well. Whether the sample’s quality is much higher or lower than ordinary, we will be in difficulty. So we ought to send the sample properly: when we have no absolute certainty about the quality or the products are not fit for “sale by sample”, we may add the statement “quality shall be about equal to the sample” or” quality is nearly the same as the sample”.;;;; 3、Sale by counter sample（凭对 等样） We submit the copy of buyer’s sample or our similar sample to the buyer. It will be the counter-sample after buyer’s confirmation; 注意！ (1) Keep duplicate: 留复样、封样 We ought to keep a duplicate of the sample in case of dispute in the future. Usually we keep two duplicate samples, one is kept by ourselves and the other is sent to the Inspection Bureau（if the product need inspection or legal inspection）.;(2)选样灵活适度Formulate the clause  according to actual ability;(3)质量方法选择Use various kinds of expression methods properly ;总结凭样方法;英文版;[案例1];1.凭规格买卖 Sale by Specification 商品规格（Specification of Goods）是指用以反映货物的成分、含量、纯度、容量、性能、大小、长短、粗细等质量的若干主要指标。 ;;2.凭等级买卖 Sale by Grade 同一类产品按品质或规格上的差异，用文字、数码、符号将品质优劣分为若干等级。;;3、凭标准买卖（Sales by standard） （1） ISO国际质量标准体系 （2）良好平均品质FAQ 对农产品质量的表示，通常采用“良好平均品质”（Fair average quality ,F,A,Q）来表示其质量标准。所谓“良好平均品质”是指在一定时期内某地出口货物的平均品质水平，一般是指中等货而言。 例：花生仁，大路货(FAQ) ，规格：含油量（最低）44%，水分（不超过）13%，不完善粒（最高）5%。 （3）上好可销品质GMQ （Good Merchantable Qualit