塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响(英文)课件.ppt

How plastic waste is affecting wildlife and fisheries The main waste in the ocean is the Plastic debris. About 80 percent of marine debris is plastic. Every year, a huge number of seabirds, turtles, and fisheries died of eating plastic debris by mistake. 1 Human actions that polluted the pacific ocean ? Merchant ships expel cargo , sewage , used medical equipment , and other types of waste that contain plastic into the ocean. ? Naval and research vessels eject waste and military equipment that are deemed unnecessary. ? Pleasure crafts release fishing gear and other types of waste , either accidentally or through negligent handling. ? The largest ocean-based source of plastic pollution is discarded fishing gear (including traps and nets), estimated to be up to 90% of plastic debris in some areas. （ Hammer, J; Kraak, MH; ParsonsJR ,2012 ） 2 The organism that is being affected ? Seabirds ? Whales ? Fisheries ? Seals ? Sea lions ? Sea turtle ? Dolphins 3 Aquatic wildlife can be threatened by . Obviously, this sea turtle was scarred. After this picture was taken, maybe it would die soon. As we can imagine, there are still thousands of sea turtles under the threaten of plastic debris. If no one helps them, they are just dying lonely, scared, and desperated. 4 This picture tells us a sad story about this turtle: it was trapped accidentally when it was young. As it grew bigger and bigger, the rubber band limited it. As a result, its body was deformed. 5 Convincing data(on Pacific Ocean) ? In a 2008 Pacific Gyre voyage , Algalita Marine Research Foundation researchers began finding that fish are eating plastic fragments and waste. Of the 672 fish caught during that voyage, 35% had ate plastic pieces. Click to see more details ? The North Pacific Gyre , for example, has collected the so-called “ Great Pacific Garbage Patch ”, which is now estimated to be one to twenty times the size of Texas (approximately from 700,000 to 15,000