生物化学教学课件：核酸降解与和核酸代谢.ppt

Purine biosynthesis Pyrimidine biosynthesis Purine salvage pathways Overview of nucleotide biosynthesis Formation of deoxy- Nucleotides Nucleoside 5-diphosphate reductase RNA A G C U DNA A G C U ADP, GDP, UDP, CDP dADP, dGDP, dUDP, dCDP UMP to dTMP UMP → UDP dUDP →dUMP dTMP -(O) + CH3(THF) RNA A G C U DNA A G C U T Thymidylate synthase leads to methylation of dUMP and produces dTMP. Thymidylate synthase is especially needed for DNA replication/repair. It is thus a target for cancer treatment like fluoruracil Biogenesis of purines and pyromidine 叶酸 Inhibits the DNA synthesis of Bacterial but not of human. Drugs interfering biosynthesis of DNA and RNA Thymidylate synthase Epigenetics DNA Methylation, CpG DNMT gene promoter region Diosynthesis of DNA and RNA 问题 1 降解核酸的酶有哪些？ 2 细胞内嘌呤和嘧啶降解的终产物是什么？ 2 嘌呤核苷酸和嘧啶核苷酸合成特点，起始物，重要中间体是是什么？ 3 与嘌呤从头合成和补救途径相关的疾病的原理？ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Degradation and Biosynthesis of Nucleotides Nucleotides, Nucleoside. The base of a nucleotide is joined covalently : N-9 of purines N-1of pyrimidines 1’-carbon of the pentose, N-beta-glycosyl The phosphate is esterified to the 5’-carbon. Two types of pathways lead to nucleotides: The de novo and the salvage pathways. De novo synthesis of nucleotides begins with the metabolic precursors: amino acids, ribose 5-phosphate, CO2, and NH3. Salvage pathways recycle the free bases and nucleosides released from nucleic acid breakdown. DNA/RNA nucleotide Nucleoside phosphate base pentose DNases, RNases Endonuclease, Exonucleolase phospholipase Nucleosidase: Nucleoside phosphorylase Nucleoside hydrolase DNA and RNA degradation Genomic DNA Plamid DNA Dnase I digestion of DNA RNA RNA degradation by Rnase DNA Digestion by Restriction Enzymes 1978 NOBEL PRIZE 证明一种特别的限制酶的存在，它只分裂那些含有为噬菌体所特有的某种序列的核苷酸。 流感嗜血杆菌从噬菌体接受DNA的机制时发现了一类新的限制酶，它们分别在特定部位切断DNA分子 一种限制酶只能识别一种特定的核苷酸序列，并在特定的切割点上将DNA 分子切断。目前已发现的限制酶有400～500多种。 DNA Digestion by Restriction Enzymes DNA footpri