生物化学教学课件：重要基酸及其衍生物的合成.ppt

女性运动中产生儿茶酚：促进肝糖原和肌糖原分解 脂肪动员和利用能力强 糖异生 女性三羧酸循环的酶活力比男性强 Study of the biosynthesis of amino acid EⅠ EⅡ E Ⅲ EⅣ EⅥ A B C D E F Questions 1 根据氨基酸合成中的碳骨架来源，氨基酸合成分成主要有哪几族？ 2 什么是必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸？掌握几种主要非必需氨基酸的合成的前体。 3 重要的氨基酸衍生生物活性物质的前体的作用和来源。 * * 3/2/2011 * * * * 3/2/2011 * * * * * * * * Biosynthesis of Amino Acid and Physiologic Amines ？ ？ Humans can synthesize 10 of the 20 common amino acids Alanine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Proline Serine Tyrosine Arginine* Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids for Humans Essential Nonessential *Arg is essential in infants and growing children but not in adults. Most bacteria and plants can synthesize all 20 amino acids. AAs that an organism cannot synthesize under a given set of conditions are called “essential.” Those that can be synthesized in adequate amounts are “nonessential.” 23 Biosynthetic pathways for AAs: Six families corresponding to their metabolic precursors a-Ketoglutarate Gives Rise to Glutamate, Glutamine,Proline, Arginine 氨浓度很高时 Oxidative deamination Glutamate Releases Its Amino Group as Ammonia in the Liver 1 In hepatocyte’s mitochondria, 2 Glutamate undergoes oxidative deamination 3 Catalyzed by L-glutamate dehydrogenase 4 Produces free ammonia 5 Produces NADH 6 Required for Urea Cycle 7 The enzyme is strictly regulated Glutamate and Glutamine Glutaminase Glutamine synthetase Proline is a cyclized derivative of glutamate 吡咯碄-5-羧酸 还原酶 吡咯-5-羧酸合成酶 合成酶缺乏： Too much pro. in blood 白内障 智力迟钝 皮肤过弹性 脱氢酶缺乏： Too much pro，良性， 但是会诱发癫痫 脱氢酶 还原酶 Urea cycle AA Glu Glu Carbamoylphosphate ornithine citrulline citrulline Argininosuccinate ornithin Arginine Oxaloacetate AA Glu Aspartate 2ADP+Pi 2ATP+CO2+NH3+H2O 1 cy