细胞生物学：Chapter 7 线粒体和过氧化物酶体1.ppt

1.Structure of Mitochondria (1)Shape: Granular(粒状), bacilliform(杆状) or elongated cylinders with a diameter of 0.5～1.0μm. ◆mitochondrial genome, ribosomes, tRNAs and various enzymes for gene expression 1) Translocation —Mi protein address target (1)The characteristics of leading peptide (导肽或引导肽) ● Sequence characteristics ---- at the N-terminus ---- a stretch of about 20-80 amino acid sequence ---- rich alkaline amino acids (Arginine and lysine) ----few acidic amino acids ----positively charged amino acids alternate with hydrophobic ones in signal sequences (3) The requisite factor for translocation of Mi proteins transiently bind specialized chaperone proteins both inserts proteins into the outer membrane and helps them fold properly. First into the intermembrane space across the TOM complex * CHAPTER 7 Mitochondria and Peroxisome 线粒体和过氧化物酶体 The research of mitochondrial function ◆Early in 1850, K?lliker: osmotic phenomenon. ◆In 1900，Michaelis, Janus green B(詹纳斯绿), liver cells: oxygen: Indicator blue ◆In 1913，Warburg separated mitochondria from cell homogenate(细胞匀浆) and discovered that it could consume o2. ◆Early in 1940s，Claude invented the isolation technique, obtained mitochondria using salt extraction techniques. ◆In 1948, George Hogeboom, Walter Schneider and George Palade obtained activated mitochondria using sugar extraction techniques. ◆ Kenedy and Lehninger: tricarboxylic acid cycle（三羧酸循环），electron-transport，oxidative phosphorylation（氧化磷酸化）. OUTLINE ● Mitochondria structure ● Mitochondria protein localization ● Mitochondria function--- oxidative phosphorylation ● Mitochondria proliferation ● Peroxisomes (2) The number and distribution ◆Number: obvious difference in different types of cells: 1000--2000 Mi in liver cells and no Mi in mammal mature red blood cells. ◆ Distribution: the regions requiring energy: fat droplet and sperm tail. 鞭毛轴丝 肌原纤维 线粒体组分的分离 芦布若尔：膜蛋白的增溶剂，非离子型表面活性剂 洋地黄皂甘 (3)Ultrastructure of Mitochondria ◆ Outer mem