教案fluent教程海基公司培训v6106turbulence.pptxVIP

Modeling Turbulent FlowsWhat is Turbulence?Unsteady, irregular (aperiodic) motion in which transported quantities (mass, momentum, scalar species) fluctuate in time and spaceIdentifiable swirling patterns characterize turbulent eddies.Enhanced mixing (matter, momentum, energy, etc.) resultsFluid properties and velocity exhibit random variationsStatistical averaging results in accountable, turbulence related transport mechanisms.This characteristic allows for Turbulence Modeling.Contains a wide range of turbulent eddy sizes (scales spectrum).The size/velocity of large eddies is on the order of mean flow.Large eddies derive energy from the mean flowEnergy is transferred from larger eddies to smaller eddiesIn the smallest eddies, turbulent energy is converted to internal energy by viscous dissipation.Is the Flow Turbulent?External Flowswherealong a surfaceL = x, D, Dh, etc.around an obstacleOther factors such as free-stream turbulence, surface conditions, and disturbances may cause earlier transition to turbulent flow.Internal FlowsNatural Convectionwhereis the Rayleigh numberTwo Examples of Turbulent FlowLarger Structures Smaller StructuresOverview of Computational ApproachesDirect Numerical Simulation (DNS)Theoretically all turbulent flows can be simulated by numerically solving the full Navier-Stokes equations.Resolves the whole spectrum of scales. No modeling is required.But the cost is too prohibitive! Not practical for industrial flows - DNS is not available in Fluent.Large Eddy Simulation (LES)Solves the spatially averaged N-S equations. Large eddies are directly resolved, but eddies smaller than the mesh sizes are modeled.Less expensive than DNS, but the amount of computational resources and efforts are still too large for most practical applications.Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Equations ModelsSolve ensemble-averaged Navier-Stokes equations All turbulence scales are modeled in RANS.The most widely used approach for calculating industrial flows.There