2021考研英语：作文语法的几大错误.docxVIP

2021考研英语：作文语法的几大错误 2021考研英语：作文语法的几大错误 一、指代方面的错误 在使用代词it，he，this，that，which，one等时，前文中应出现明确的先行词。 如：“Since we cannot know what particular bit of knowledge a child will need in the future，it is senseless to force him to learn it.”，这句话中，him和it这两个代词都有明确的先行词，分别是a child和knowledge，因此句子的含义非常清楚。 可是，不少学生在使用这些代词时，虽然自己很清楚它们指代的是什么，但在作文中却没有交代清楚，结果这些代词非但没有使行文简洁，反而造成了意思上的模糊，让阅卷老师不知所云。 误：Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear. 正：Sometimes the teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear. （说明）句1中的they既可指教师，也可指学生，属指代不清的。可以把它们中的任意一个改成单数名词。因为单数名词也可以泛指一类。 二、修饰方面的错误 修饰语应紧靠被修饰的成分，并和它形成正确的逻辑关系。如果修饰语的位置不妥当，就会造出模棱两可的病句。 误：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside. 正：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories to the countryside if they give off poisonous gases. （说明）句1要表达的是把有害气体排放到农村，还是把工厂迁到农村去?显然修饰语to the countryside的位置放错了。如句2改变一下结构，就能清楚地表达要表达的意思了。 三、一致方面的错误 在一个句子内部或紧邻的两三个句子之间，要保持时态、人称、数等的一致。 误：Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day. 正：Whether we enjoy or resent advertisements, we are actually bombarded with them every hour of the day. （说明）代词应与所指代的先行词保持人称和数上的一致。句1也可改成Whether one enjoys or resents the advertisement, he is actually bombarded with it every hour of the day. 四、平行结构方面的错误 这里专指语态、比较级、非谓语形式、冠词用法、可数名词和不可数名词、不定代词单复数以及时态等错误。 1、误：Narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents. 正：narrow streets easily cause many traffic accidents. to happen 误：A great change has been taken place since then. 正：A great change has taken place since then. 误：But it may occur some new problems. 正：But some new problems may occur/arise. 误：Opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard. 正：Opportunities only belong to those who work hard. （说明）happen，take place，occur，arise等动词和动词词组一般既不能用作被动结构，也不能作为及物动词带宾