《基础物理学》电子教案 哈里德 HR35.pptVIP

Chapter 35 The concept of optical interference is critical to understanding many natural phenomena, ranging from color shifting in butterfly wings to intensity patterns formed by small apertures. These phenomena cannot be explained using simple geometrical optics, and are based on the wave nature of light. In this chapter we explore the wave nature of light and examine several key optical interference phenomena. ;Huygen’s Principle: All points on a wavefront serve as point sources of spherical secondary wavelets. After time t, the new position of the wavefront will be that of a surface tangent to these secondary wavelets.;Law of Refraction;Wavelength and Index of Refraction;The geometrical explanation of rainbows given in Ch. 34 is incomplete. Interference, constructive for some colors at certain angles, destructive for other colors at the same angles is an important component of rainbows;Diffraction;Young’s Experiment;The phase difference between two waves can change if the waves travel paths of different lengths.;35-;Coherence;Intensity in Double-Slit Interference;Fig. 35-13;In general, we may want to combine more than two waves. For eaxample, there may be more than two slits. Prodedure: Construct a series of phasors representing the waves to be combined. Draw them end to end, maintaining proper phase relationships between adjacent phasors. Construct the sum of this array. The length of this vector sum gives the amplitude of the resulting phasor. The angle between the vector sum and the first phasor is the phase of the resultant with respect to the first. The projection of this vector sum phasor on the vertical axis gives the time variation of the resultant wave.;Interference from Thin Films;Reflection Phase Shifts;Equations for Thin-Film Interference;Film Thickness Much Less Than l;Color Shifting by Morpho Butterflies and Paper Currencies;Problem Solving Tactic 1: Thin-Fi