《基础物理学》电子教案 哈里德 HR43_ver2.pptVIP

Chapter 43 Can we get useful energy from nuclear sources as people have from atomic sources (burning wood, coal, fossil fuels) for thousands of years? Electrons held in atoms by Coulomb force→energy scale ~eV Nucleons held in nuclei by strong force→energy scale Q= -Dmc2 ~MeV;Fig. 43-1;Closer Look at Fission, contd;Energy Release by fission;A Model for Nuclear Fission;A Model for Nuclear Fission, contd;The Nuclear Reactor;The Nuclear Reactor, contd;2 billion years ago in a uranium deposit in Gabon, West Africa, a natural fission reactor ran for several hundred thousand years!;Energy can be released by combining two lighter elements (fusion), but first they have to overcome the Coulomb repulsion between the positively charged nuclei (~400 keV for p-p).;Thermonuclear Fusion in the Sun and Other Stars;Thermonuclear Fusion in the Sun and Other Stars, contd;Deuteron-deuteron reactions;Magnetic confinement: Tokamak- plasma held in ring by strong magnetic fields, heated by induced currents and bombarding particle beam. Example, Plasma Physics Lab (Princeton). Breakeven occurs when Lawsons criterion is met or exceeded Ignition corresponds to a self-sustaining reaction