《基础物理学》电子教案 哈里德 HRW21.pptVIP

Chapter 21 Electric Charge In this chapter we will introduce a new property of matter known as “electric charge” (symbol q ). We will explore the charge of atomic constituents. Moreover, we will describe the following properties of charge: - Types of electric charge - Forces among two charges (Coulomb’s law) - Charge quantization - Charge conservation;Empirically it was known since ancient times that if amber is rubbed on cloth, it acquires the property of attracting light objects such as feathers. This phenomenon was attributed to a new property of matter called “electric charge”. (electron is the Greek name for amber) More experiments show that they are two distinct type of electric charge: Positive (color code : red) , and Negative (cloror code : black) The names “positive” and “negative” were given by Benjamin Franklin. When we rub a glass rod with silk cloth both objects acquire electric charge. The sign on the charge on the glass rod is defined as positive In a similar fashion when we rub a plastic rod with fur both objects acquire electric charge. The sign on the charge on the plastic rod is defined as negative Q: Do we have enough information so as to determine the sign of all other charges in nature?;Q: Do we have enough information so as to be able to determine the sign of all other charges in nature? To answer this question we need one more piece of information. Further experiments on charged objects showed that