时文拓展阅读50(鲨鱼的未来,生存还是灭亡).docx

时文阅读 | 鲨鱼的未来——生存还是灭亡 众所周知，鲨鱼是海洋世界的霸主，对维持海洋的生态平衡起着至关重要的作用。而一 项新的研究发现，大白鲨和鲸鲨将在下个世纪成为濒临灭绝的鲨鱼物种。这再次提醒我 们，物种灭绝速度加快的背后，人类活动该怎样加以节制，才能在最大程度上减少对自 然的干预 阅读短文并回答问题 Great whites and whale sharks are among the species at risk of extinction over the next century, a new study has found. Pimiento is the lead author of a study published in Science Advances that looks at how the extinction of large marine （海洋的） species would impact the ecological roles of ocean ecosystems. “The extinction crisis challenges scientists to better measure biodiversity: how will the total variety of life on Earth be affected as human activities lead to the losses of more and more species? ”they said. In the oceans, the biggest animals are thought to play crucial ecological roles, and are also facing high levels of threat from human activities such as fisheries and climate change. The team was looking to move beyond traditional species extinctions, to find out more about the functional diversity, the range of roles that these species perform, and how biodiversity might respond Under different extinctiOn SCenarios （预测）.They ran two different extinction scenarios. In one, researchers looked at extinction probability based on their cUrrent IUCN （International Union for Conservation of NatUre） statUs. In the second, they assUmed all species listed as threatened, aroUnd 40 percent, had gone extinct. Sharks were foUnd to be one of the worst affected groUps. “We already knew that sharks are one of the most threatened groUps in the ocean, ” they said. “They are also very vUlnerable dUe to their large size and low reprodUctive rate. OUr resUlts show that fUtUre extinctions woUld be selective against the most fUnctionally UniqUe and specialized shark species, resUlting in greater projected losses. T”hey also said the biggest threats to marine m e g afa U n a （大型哺乳动物群） are fishing, either throUgh accidentally getting caUght Up or directly targeted, and climate change. Mitigating these threats coUld be the best way to