环境生物技术34.pptx

环境生物技术;3 Activated Sludge Process;3 Activated Sludge Process;A final clarifier, in which the biomass is removed from the treated wastewater by settling or other means. Continuous collection of return sludge and pumping it back into the aeration tank. Withdrawal of excess sludge to maintain the appropriate concentration of mixed liquor.;3.1.2 Two-stage process;3.1.3 Single sludge carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous removal In the early 1960s three different methods for nitrogen removal were demonstrated: post-denitrification ; pre-anoxic zone denitrification ; simultaneous denitrification ; Today most newer plants are built with means for enhanced biological phosphate removal and/or equipment for simultaneous precipitation. ;3.1.4 Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process Because of the development of reliable automatic process control and aeration systems, the SBR process today is a perfect alternative to the conventional activated sludge process. The reactor is usually equipped with an aeration system, a mixing device, a decanter to withdraw treated wastewater, an excess sludge removal device, and the process control system. Wastewater treatment is performed by a time series of process phases (fill, react, settle, decant). As in the conventional activated sludge process, the SBR process is capable of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous removal. It is used for both industrial and municipal wastewater .;3.1.5 Special developments 3.1.5.1 Pure oxygen-activated sludge process 3.1.5.2 Attached growth material in activated sludge aeration tanks 3.1.5.3 High-rate reactors 3.1.5.4 Membrane separation of mixed liquor;3.2 Technological and microbiological aspects 3.2.1 Wastewater characteristics Wastewater to be treated can contain organic carbon predominantly as a single soluble substance (e.g., an alcohol), as a mixture of soluble substances, or as a mixture of solids and numerous soluble organic substances. Many industrial wastewaters are mixtures of soluble organic substances,