埃塞俄比亚比尔-详解.docx

? ? ? ? ? 埃塞俄比亚比尔-详解 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 埃塞俄比亚比尔（Ethiopian Birr　标准符号：ETB） 目录 1 埃塞俄比亚比尔简介 2 History 3 Identification and appearance 4 埃塞俄比亚比尔样币 5 埃塞俄比亚比尔金币 6 埃塞俄比亚比尔铸币 埃塞俄比亚比尔简介 ISO 4217 Code：ETB User(s)：Ethiopia Inflation：10.5% Source：The World Factbook, 2006 est. Subunit：1/100 santim Symbol：Br Coins：1, 5, 10, 25, 50 santim Banknotes：1, 5, 10, 50, 100 birr Central bank：National Bank of Ethiopia Website：.et The birr is the unit of currency in Ethiopia. Before 1976, dollar was the official English translation of birr. Today, it is officially birr in English as well. In 1931, the Emperor of Ethiopia formally requested that the international community use the name Ethiopia (as it had already been known internally for at least 1600 years) instead of Abyssinia, and the issuing Bank of Abyssinia also became the Bank of Ethiopia. Thus, the pre-1931 currency could be considered the Abyssinian birr and the post-1931 currency the Ethiopian birr, although it was the same country and the same currency before and after. History First birr, -1936 In the 18th and 19th centuries, Maria Theresa thalers and blocks of salt called amoleh served as currency in Ethiopia. Birr (literally meaning silver in Geez and Amharic) was the local name for the Maria Theresa thaler. Menelik II began issuing coins in 1894. The birr, equivalent to the Maria Theresa thaler, was divided into 20 ghersh or guerche (the name coming from the Ottoman Empires qirsh) or 32 bessa. Denominations issued were 1?100 and 1?32 birr, 1 ghersh, ?, ?, ? and 1 birr. Gold coins were issued in denominations of ?, ? and 1 werk. In 1903, the currency system was changed to 16 ghersh = 1 birr. Banknotes were issued by the Bank of Abyssinia from 1915, with the name thaler being used for birr in the French text on the notes. In 1931, Ethiopia decimalized, with the birr equal to 100 metonnyas (often written matonas). Coins were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 metonnyas. The Bank of Ethiopia issued not