学习大二下南新statistics for business11for ln ch7sampling and distributions.pptxVIP

中山大学岭南学院教授 夏南新博士 制作;7.1 THE ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATES SAMPLING PROBLEM A parameter is a numerical characteristic of a population. The population mean annual salary, the population standard deviation of annual salary, and the population proportion having completed the training program are parameters of the population. Often the cost of collecting information from a sample is substantially less than from a population.;7.2 SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING Sampling from a finite population. sampling without replacement sampling with replacement Sampling from an infinite population. A simple random sample from an infinite population is a sample selected such that the following conditions are satisfied. 1. Each element selected comes from the same population. 2. Each element is selected independently.;7.3 POINT ESTIMATION Sample statistic We refer to as the point estimator of the population mean .; The absolute value of the difference between an unbiased point estimate and the correspond-ing population parameter is called the sampl-ing error. For a sample mean, sample standard deviation, and sample proportion, the sampling errors are , , and , res-pectively. ;7.4 INTRODUCTION TO SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS;Expected Value of Where the expected value of the population mean ;Standard Deviation of Finite Population Infinite Population This factor is commonly referr-ed to as the finite population correction factor. In many practical sampling situations, we fi-nd that the population involved, although fin-ite, is “large,” whereas the sample size is rel-atively “small.” In such cases the finite population correction factor is ;close to 1. Use the Following Expression to Calculate the Standard Deviation of whenever 1. The population is infinite; or 2. The popul