高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了.pdf

仅供个人参考 Forpsensauoenysduyandersachonfcrmmecrsaeu 蚆 A 高分子化学和高分子物理 节 UNIT 1 What are Polymer? 袁 第一单元 什么是高聚物？ 蝿 What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, commonsalt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules ’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. Whenthese things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds. 蒇 什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通 的盐。与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是 58.5 ，而高聚物的分子量高于 105，甚至大于 106 。这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。小分子相互结合形成大 分子，大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。举例说明，想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制 成的环。当这些环相互连接起来，可以把形成的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高 聚物。另一方面，独特的环可以大小不同、材料不同，相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合 物组成的聚合物。 芃 This interlinking of many units has given the polymer its name, poly meaning ‘many’ and mer meaning ‘part ’ (in Greek). As an example, a gaseous compound called butadiene, with a molecular weight of 54, combines nearly 4000 times and gives a polymer known as polybutadiene (a synthetic rubber) with about 200 000molecular weight. The low molecular weight compounds from which the polymers form are kn