高二英语语法讲解.pdfVIP

高二英语语法讲解 1. 直接引语和间接引语 定义：交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直 接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（ The Direct Speech ）, 另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语 ( The Indirect Speech) 。 例如： He said, “Iwill choose a book from my students. ” 他 说： 我将为学生选一本书。“ ” = He said that he would choose a book from his student. 他说他 将为学生选一本书。 直接引语和间接引语之间的转化 1 标点符号的变化： He said to me, “Iam hungry. ”=He told me (that) he is hungry. 2 语序的变化：疑问语序变为陈述语序 :He said to me, “Would you like to go with me? ”=He asked me if/whether I would like to go with him. 3 动词的变化： say(to)在陈述句中多变为 tell 等词，在疑问句中多变 为 ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多为 tell ，order等词，表情求多为 ask等词。例如： He said to me, “Could you please live in America? ”=He asked me if/whether I could live in America.=He asked me to live in America. 4 连接词的变化连接词：⑴陈述句用 that 连接 He said to me, “I live in London. ”= He told me that he lived in London. ⑵ 一般（选择，反意）疑问句用 if 或whether 连接 He said to me, “Do you live in London? ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London. He asked me, “Do you live in London or Paris? ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London or Paris. He asked me, “You live in London, don ’t you? ”= He asked me if/whether I lived in London. ⑶ 特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接 He said to me, “When do you live in London? ”= He asked me when I lived in London. 5 时态的变化：⑴如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引 语中的动词时态保持不变。例如： She says, ”I like cat. ”=She says that she likes cat. ⑵如果主句中德谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中德动词时态变化如 下： 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在进行时