直接引语和间接引语知识点归纳.pdf

直接引语和间接引语 引述或转述别人的话称为 “引语 ”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号 “标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转“ 述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外， 其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结 构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢 ? 1、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said， “I am very sorry. He said that he was very sorry.” —— 2 ）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time, ” my father told me. —— My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如： She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight. ” —— She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4 ）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如 ： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon? ” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。 2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面 要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： “I am very glad to visit your school said. ——” , she She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ” —— Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV? ” —— Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus? ” —— He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she ref