GRE阅读练习：学术研究成果开放自由出版.docxVIP

Word文档下载后（可任意编辑） 第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 GRE阅读练习：学术研究成果开放自由出版 GRE阅读练习：GRE阅读练习：学术研究成果开放自由出版 GRE考试精品课程训练  AT THE beginning of April, Research Councils UK, a conduit throughwhich the government transmits taxpayers money to academic researchers,changed the rules on how the results of studies it pays for are made public.  四月初，英国研究理事会—一个由政府向学术研究者提供资金机构-改变了它的一项规则：即该机构提供资助的一些研究成果是否可以自由出版。  From now on they will have to be published in journals that makethem available free—preferably immediately, but certainly within a year.  从今后，这些成果将必须在期刊上自由，免费发表—最 好是结果出来后立即出版，但是出版时间最迟不能超过一年。  In February the White House Office of Science and TechnologyPolicy told federal agencies to make similarplans.  今年二月，白宫科学和技术政策办公室也要求联邦机构做出与之相类似的计划。  A week before that, a bill which would require free access togovernment-financed research after six months had begun to wend its way throughCongress.  在此前一周，国会也通过了一项法案—即政府资助研究产生成果六个月后，可以自由出版，虽然投票通过的过程有些曲折。  The European Union is moving in the same direction.  同时，欧盟也正在同样方向的指导下做着类似的工作。  So are charities.  慈善机构同样如此。  And SCOAP3, a consortium of particle-physics laboratories,libraries and funding agencies, is pressing all 12 of the fields leadingjournals to make the 7,000 articles they publish each year free to read.  而且，一个由众多粒子物理实验室，图书馆和资助机构组成的联合体-SCOAP3已经向该领域的12个先锋期刊提出如下要求：即他们每年出版的7,000篇文章都能免费阅读。  For scientific publishers, it seems, the party may soon be over.  对科学出版社们来说，这似乎预示着独享的快乐聚会可能就快结束了。  It has, they would have to admit, been a good bash.  不过，他们将不得不承认，这是一个很好的尝试。  The current enterprise—selling the results of other peoples work,submitted free of charge and vetted for nothing by third parties in a processcalled peer review, has been immensely profitable.  现在的企业—销售他人的工作成果，不要承认任何费用，而且不要接受被称为同行检查的第三方审查，已经是极有利润可图了。  Elsevier, a Dutch firm that is the worlds biggest journalpublisher, had a margin last year of 38% on revenues of 2.1 billion.  荷兰的爱思唯尔是全球