GRE双语阅读训练第十七弹.docxVIP

Word文档下载后（可任意编辑） 第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 GRE双语阅读训练第十七弹 GRE双语阅读训练：GRE双语阅读训练第十七弹 GRE考试精品课程训练  Human capital——The peoples champion  人力资本：人的捍卫者  Gary Becker made humans the central focus of economics. The second in our series on big economic ideas.  贝克尔让人成为了经济学的中心焦点。我们六大经济理论的第二篇。  WHY do families in rich countries have fewer children?  为什么富裕国家的家庭生育越来越少的孩子?  Why do companies in poor countries often provide meals for their workers?  为什么穷国的公司经常给工人提供饭菜?  Why has each new generation spent more time in school than the one that came before?  为什么每一个新生代都比前一代把更多的时间花在学校中?  Why have earnings of highly skilled workers risen even as their numbers have also increased?  为什么高级技工的收入甚至在人数增长的情况下也上升了?  Why should universities charge tuition fees?  为什么大学应当收取学费?  This is an incredibly diverse array of questions.  这是一组不可置信的多元问题阵列。  The answers to some might seem intuitive; others are more perplexing.  有的问题的答案似乎是凭直觉的;有的更加复杂。  For Gary Becker, an American economist who died in 2014, a common thread ran through them all: human capital.  对于加里·贝克尔，这位2014年去世的美国经济学家来说，一条共同的线索把这些问题全都贯穿了起来：人力资本(human capital)。  Simply put, human capital refers to the abilities and qualities of people that make them productive.  简单地说，人力资本指的是使之具有生产力的人的能力和素质。  Knowledge is the most important of these, but other factors, from a sense of punctuality to the state of someones health, also matter.  知识是其中最重要的。但是，从守时观念到健康状况等其他要素也非常重要。  Investment in human capital thus mainly refers to education but it also includes other things—the inoculation of values by parents, say, or a healthy diet.  因而，人力资本的投资主要指向教育，但是也包括其他东西。如，来自父母的价值观灌输，或者是健康的饮食。  Just as investing in physical capital—whether building a new factory or upgrading computers—can pay off for a company, so investments in human capital also pay off for people.  如同投资于实体资本——不管是建造新工厂，还是更新计算机——能够给公司有所回报一样，人力资本的投资也能给人们带来回报。  The earnings of well-educ