科技英语的一些特点.pptx

Lesson One 科技英语的一些特点1． 科技英语不像普通英语那样具有感性形象思维，不具感情色彩，其目的是使读者容易理解而不产生太多的想象。也不经常运用比喻、排比、夸张等修辞手段，而是要准确表达客观规律，按逻辑思维清晰地描述问题。For example, nematode eggs differsignificantly in size and shape.2. 科技英语的词汇意义比较专一、稳定，特别是大量的专业名词其词义很固定、专一。即使是象do, take, make这样的多意义普通动词，在科技英语中它们的词义亦比较固定，其表达方式也比较容易理解。For instance, Pathology; Physiology;Cestodes; Microbiology; ImmunologyBased on the literature review,conclusions were made which led tothe objectives and aims of this thesis .3. 科技英语主要是一种书面语言，它要求严谨、简洁，不要求在文中堆积华丽的词藻，也不要求考虑朗读和吟诵。The simpler, the better !4． 科技英语词汇具有国际性。据有关统计，70%以上的科技英语词汇来自拉丁语、希腊语。绝大多数医学、兽医学词汇源于拉丁语、希腊语。e.g., Ascaris suum; Toxocara canis5. 多使用正式规范的书面动词来替代具有同样意义的口语化的动词或动词短语。For example, 用observe来代替look at,用examine代替check等e.g., PCR amplicons were examined byagarose gel electrophoresis6． 在语法结构上，科技英语大量使用被动语态。科技英语使用被动语态可以使描述减少主观色彩，增强客观性，而且通过隐去人称主语而使句子尽可能简洁。e.g., Adult worms of Ascaris were obtainedfrom human patients after treatment withanthelmintics, or from pigs at necropsy.The second internal transcribed spacer(ITS-2) was amplified from nematodegenomic DNA by PCR.7.大量使用名词或名词短语。e.g., Infection of humans with nematodesof the genus Ascaris is of major publichealth importance in a range of countriesand affects millions of people.8.大量使用非谓语动词短语及分词短语。These methods should provide valuabletools for studying the life-cycle andtransmission pattern(s) of this parasite9. 用It作形式主语，替代后面that所引导的作为主句真正主语的从句。It is well recognised that anisakids of somegenera are transmissible to humans, wherethey can cause significant clinical diseases.10. 常用It作形式主语替代句子后面作真正主语的动词不定式短语。e.g., It is important to understand thelife cycles of parasitic nematodes.11. 多用介词词组来表示用什么方法、数据、资料、什么材料、根据什么标准等。e.g., Characterisation of anisakidnematodes with zoonotic potential bynuclear ribosomal DNA sequences.12. 常见包含两个及两个以上从句的长句。A previous study (Palm et al. 1998) has indicated thatmost parasite species of the Antarctic fish, Nototheniacoriiceps, appear to be broadly distributed withinAntarctic waters, which would correspond to