植物生理学课件第六章.pptx

Chapter 6. Plant Growth Substances植物生长物质;Plant Hormone;Section 1. Auxin;1.2 biosynthesis and metabolism of auxin; Quantification of auxins; Distribution of auxins: all tissues, especially apical shoot meristems, young leaves, developing fruits and seeds ;1.2.1 Biosynthesis of IAA Tryptophon-dependent pathways;Tryptophan-independent pathways Maize orp (orange pericarp) mutant—defective in tryptophan synthase subunit resulted in the accumulation of indole-3-glycerol phosphate and indole However, orp mutant contains amounts of IAA 50-fold higher than wild type plant. ;(邻)氨基苯甲酸盐 ;1.2.2 Inactivation and degradation of IAA The vast majority of auxin in plants is found in a covalently bound state （inactive） ;Function of IAA-conjugates (1) Storage form (2) Transport form (3) Protection against oxidative degradation (4) Level control and detoxification;1.2.2 Degradation of IAA (oxidation) ;1.2.3 Subcellular distribution;1.3 Auxin transport Auxin is the only plant growth hormone known to be transported polarly;Evidence for auxin polar transport is independent of gravity;Chemiosmotic model (化学渗透假说) Auxin influx: proton motive force （ΔpH+ΔE） Auxin efflux: membrane potential (ΔE);Auxin influx: passive diffusion and H+-IAA- symporter Auxin efflux: PIN proteins;Auxin is transported nonpolarly in the phloem Characteristics of nonpolar transport: Bidirection Faster Energy-independent Principal pathway for long-distance auxin translocation to the root;1.4 Physiological effects of auxins;Mechanisms of IAA-induced cell elongation (1) acid growth theory H+ is the intermediate between auxin and cell wall loosening IAA activates H+-ATPase pH , cell wall acidification enzyme activation cell wall dehydration and loosening water absorption.;Acid buffer alone should promote short-term growth √ Auxin should increase the rate of p