信息系统研究行为学派讲课教案.ppt

潜在与观测(guāncè)变量 Reputation of WHU’s SIM RISC1: Highly rated by iSchools. RISC2: Listed as one of the best IM school. RISC3: Recommended by scholars. Latent Variable Observable Variable Cannot be directly observed Can be directly observed * 第三十一页，共44页。 反射与组成(zǔ chénɡ)测量 (Petter et al. 2007) Reflective Formative Causal direction Latent ? Observable Observable ? Latent Interchangeability Yes No Co-vary Suggested Not suggested Reputation of WHU’s SIM Reputation of WHU Highly Rated Listed in best Recom. SIM Repu. EMS Repu. … It is an issue of how to measure it rather than what the construct should