资料课件参考教程27chapter.pptxVIP

26-3 Photochemical reactionsMotivation Question:Why should we use red light when we develop a film in a darkroom?Can we use a lamp with other color of light?1. Introduction Definition: Photochemical reaction is a kind of reaction which performs under the effect of light.Difference from the thermal reaction: In free energy change, thermal reaction always spontaneously performs along the direction of decreasing Gibbs energy, but photochemical reaction can make Gibbs energy increased. Difference from the thermal reaction:Activation energy of a thermal reaction comes from the collision between molecules, but that of a photochemical reaction comes from the energy of photons.The rate of thermal reaction is greatly affected by temperature because the thermal reaction is related to heat, whereas that of a photochemical reaction has nothing to do with temperature.ImportancePhotosynthesis of plants CO2+H2O→Carbohydrates+O2Simulation of photosynthesis to form glucosePhotodissociation of water to form hydrogen2. Photochemical lawsPhotochemical first law: Only the light absorbed by reactant molecules can cause a photochemical reaction between molecules.Activating 1 mol of molecules needs 1 mol of photons.Energy of one photon is hν, so energy of 1mol of photons is as follows which is called 1 Einstein.1 Einstein=energy of 1 mol of photons=N0 hνThe process absorbing light is the preliminary process of the photochemical reaction:The activated molecules can become a product directly or collide with other molecules with low energy to deactivate, as well as initiate other secondary reactions.ExampleThe photolysis reaction of HI(g) is this: 3. Kinetics of photochemical reactionThe first step is a preliminary photochemical reaction, reaction rate of which equals to the rate of absorbing photons.Ia: intensity of light absorbed (the mole number of photons absorbed in unit time and unit volume).φ: quantum yield.4. Photochemical equilibriumPhotochemical equilibrium is a kind of equilibri