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By the time 用法详解
? by the time 意为 “到……时候(为止) ”,是一个介词短语,在句中经常起连词作用,引
导时间状语从句 。它的主要用法如下:
? 1. 如果 从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成
时, 表示 “截止到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成,即过去的过去 ”。例如:
? By the time he returned home ,the rain had stopped.
? By the time I got to the station ,the train had already gone 。
? 2. 如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时 / 或现在完成时 (表示将来),那么主句中的谓
语动词常为将来完成时 ,表示 “截止到将来某一时间为止,主句动作将已经完成 ”。
? By the time you get back ,I shall have finished the work.
? By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.
? By the time of next term , we will have learned 3000 words.
? 3. 如果主句动作不强调已经完成, 只是说明某个时候的状况, (主句是 be 的系表形式
或者是表示像 know, find, believe 等表示认知的持续性动词, 则往往用一般时态,不用
完成时态。 )此时主句不用完成时,而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态,此时 by the
time 相当于 when 。 例如:
? He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.
? By the time the bus came ,so many people were waiting that it was a free fight to get on
it. 公共汽车来的时候,等车的人很多,成了一场挤车的混战。
? By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen. 出国那年他 14 岁。
? By the time the war was over , death and suffering were to be seen everywhere.
? 在战争结束的时候,到处可见死亡和饥饿。 这里没有 “死亡和饥饿 ”已经完成的意思,
只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以用过去时。
? 巩固练习:
? 1. (2005 天津卷) By the time Jane gets home , her aunt _____for London to attend a
meeting.
? A. will leave B. leaves
? C. will have left D. left
? 2. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ___ cold.(2012 四川卷 )
? A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting
? 3. (2009 北京卷) When I talked with my grandma on the phone , she sounded weak ,
but by the time we _____ up , her voice had been full of life.
? A. were hanging
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