基于单片机的火灾报警器设计.pdfVIP

摘 要 随着“信息时代”的到来，作为获取信息的手段——传感器技术得到了显著 的进步，其应用领域越来越广泛，对其要求越来越高，需求越来越迫切。因此， 了解并掌握各类传感器的基本结构、工作原理及特性是非常重要的。本文利用单 片机结合传感器技术而开发设计了这一火灾报警器。 本文以电阻式烟雾传感器和单片机技术为核心并与其他电子技术相结合， 设计出一种技术水平较好的烟雾报警器。其中选用MQ-2 型半导体可燃气体敏感 元件烟雾传感器实现烟雾的检测，具有灵敏度高、响应快、抗干扰能力强等优点， 而且价格低廉，使用寿命长。选用的STC12C5410AD单片机，其整合了A/D转换、 乘法器、硬件脉宽调制器等资源，具有高速、低功耗、超强抗干扰等优点。 本文设计的烟雾报警器可实现声光报警、浓度显示、报警限设置等功能。是 一种结构简单、性能 稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的烟雾报警器。 关键词：烟雾，报警器，STC12C5410，传感器 目 录 1. 引言···························································1 2. 烟雾检测报警器整体设计方案·····································1 2.1 烟雾检测报警器工作原理······································1 2.2 烟雾检测报警器的结构········································1 3. 烟雾检测报警器的硬件设计······································2 3.1 信号采集及前置放大电路······································2 3.2 声音报警电路·················································3 3.3 数码管显示电路··············································3 3.4 状态指示灯及控制键电路······································4 4. 烟雾检测报警器的软件设计······································5 4.1烟雾检测报警器软件流程及设计··································5 4.2 主程序设计及流程图···········································5 4.3 报警子程序设计及流程图······································6 4.4 控制按键设计子程序及流程图···································7 5. 结论··························································8 致辞·····························································9 参考文献························································10 1．引言 火灾烟雾检测报警器是能够检测环境中的烟雾浓度，并具有报警功能的仪 器，仪器的最基本组成部分应包括：烟雾信号采集电路、模数转换电路、单片机 控制电路。 烟雾信号采集电路一般由烟雾传感器和模拟放大电路组成，将烟雾信号转化 为模拟的电信号。模数转换电路将从烟雾检测电路送出的模拟信号转换成单片机 [2] 可识别的数字信号后送入单片机 。单片机对该数字信号进行滤波处理，并对处 理后的数据进行分析，是否大于或等于某个预设值，如果大于则启动报警电路发 出报警声音，反之则为正常状态。为方便检测与监控，使仪器测试人员及用户能 够直观地观察到环境中的可燃烟雾浓度值，可将浓度值送到显示屏中。方便调节 报警限，可以加入按键。以上是根据报警器应具备的功能，提出的整体设计思路 [1]。 本文详细介绍了该火灾烟雾检测报警器硬件、软件的设计，最后，对整个设 计做了概括性总结。