专升本语法总结.ppt.docxVIP

I.典型时态和特殊用法1.一般现在时表示将来动作：在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句 中.表示将来的动作。.如：I will not go shopping, if it rains. 2.现在进行时表示将来:⑴表 示最近按计划或安排要做的事，往往有表示未来的时间状语.能够这样用的动词有：arrive, come, leave, return, start, work, play, have 等.如:We are leaving on Friday. （2） 与 always, constantly, continually, forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在出状态，往往带有 说话人的感情色彩。 如：He is constantly leaving his things about.他老是乱扔东西.（3）在 时间、条件从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 如：Don t interrupt him if he is reading. （4） 表示将来时的还有 :be about to be to do be on the point of 等.如:I was on the point of leaving when the phone rang. The road is to open to the public on October 1,2004. 3. 现在 完成时：①“must完成式”表示过去必定发生过的事情，是对发生在过去的一种行为的推 测。②should或ought to） +完成式”表示一个应该在过去做，而没有做的动作，它往往带 有埋怨和后悔的情绪。 注:表示瞬间行为动词come, join, finish, marry, return等不能和表 示延续的时间状语连用，只能用系动词加表语结构来代替。 如：He has been back for over a week.（不能用 has come back） I have been in the army for three years.（不能用 have joined） o 4.现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现 在，可能还要继续下去，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：All the morning, for hours, since this morning They have been watching television for two hours. He has been writing letters since this morning. 5. 过去完成时：1）过去完成时,表示在过去某一时刻或动 作以前已经完成的动作.即过去的过去常用的信号词有by（到??…时候为止），before等介 词短语或用unless, when, after, once, as soon as等连词引起的表示到过去某 一时间为止的 时间状语来表示.2）过去完成时常用在 “no sooner - tharfO hardly - when （before殍句型 的主句中，从句中常用一般过去时。 如：By the end of last year, I had worked in this college for ten years. No sooner had he finished his performance than the audience began to cheer. （=He had no sooner ???thanfc刚於演完，观众就喝彩）语态注意事项：7.有些动词以 主动形式出现，却有被动含义。 如：The knife cuts well. Nylon underwear washes easily.尼 龙内衣容易洗 The novels written by the young man sell well.那个年青人写的小说销路好 This ball-pen writes in four colours. 这支圆珠笔可以写出四种颜色 The note reads as follows ”字条上写着：”?…诺态注意事项：8.短语动词构成的被动语态中，介词或副词 不可省略。 如： More schools and hospitals will be set up in the near future. The old woman has been operated on.（这位老妇人已经动过了手术 ）The purse was picked up and handed