暑假教案03-高三英语-名词性从句-教师版.docxVIP

名词性从句 名词性从句 （一）定义 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 （二）引导词 1．从属连词：that, if ,whether, because, as if (后两个只有表语从句可用) 1） that 本身没有意义，在从句中不做任何句子成分。引导单个宾语从句时，that可以省略。但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句与形式宾语it并存的宾语从句时，that都不能省略。如果引导两个或两个以上宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，从第二个宾语从句起向后的从句中的that不能省。 ①I don’t think（that）she is coming. (可省) ②The reason is that he is careless. （不能省） ③The news that our team won the match inspired us.（不能省） ④I don’t think it necessary that you should read English aloud. （不能省） ⑤He told me（that）his father had died and that he had to live alone. （第一个可省，第二个不可省） 2）whether 和if 是“是否”的意思，在从句中不担当句子成分。引导宾语从句时（动词后面的宾语从句）二者可以换用，若宾语从句提前只用whether. 但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句，及紧跟or /or not 结构或不定式时，只能用whether. ①He wants to know whether or not you agree. ②He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. ③It all depends on whether they will do their best. ④Whether she will come or not is still a question. ⑤The question is whether it is worth doing. ⑥None of them can answer the question whether it is worth doing. 2. 连接代词：who, whom, what, which, whose及whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever 既保留原意，又在从句中担当句子成分。既“谁，什么，哪一个，谁的，无论谁，无论什么，无论哪一个”。以上这些词都是“代词”，因此常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补，不作状语。 注意：what 除译成“什么”，在从句中还可译成“所…的，所…的事物”=the thing(s) that /which. ①This is what they are after. ②The city is far different from what it was ten years ago. ③She is no longer what she was five years ago. ④What is most important in life isn’t money. 主语宾语从句中who与whoever的区别（可从2个方面判断）： ①who有疑问，whoever无疑问。②who引导的整个句子指一件事，whoever引导的整个句子指一个人。 Who will win the prize is unclear. Whoever wins the prize is good news. I don’t know who he is. We should learn from whoever has much experience. 注意：whatever和whoever，whomever的功能 它们一般可以引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句，并在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。此时它们不含疑问意义。即whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who; whomever=anyone whom 例如： ①These pictures are so special that I would do whatever/anything that I can to save them. ②Whoever/Anyone who knows