U4++Grammar+Tips+(Gerund&the+Past+Participle)+课程学习资料.pptxVIP

Text A- Grammar Tips1 The Gerund and the Past Participle (动名词和过去分词) Focus on Grammar Exercises 一、动名词的形式和特征 动名词一般由动词原形加词尾 -ing 构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词兼有名词和动词的特征。 二、动名词的用法 1. 作主语 Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. 下面句型中，it 是形式主语，动名词短语是真正主语。 It’s no use talking about it. Text A- Grammar Tips2 Focus on Grammar Exercises 2. 作介词或动词宾语 I like to imagine pushing the trolley slowly around the supermarket… After ten minutes of searching, when you finally found her in a far corner, she enquired … It usually contains several shoppers who pay by writing out a personal cheque and who wait until all their purchases have been totaled up before beginning a mad search through the handbags for their cheque books. Don’t be fooled, either, by thinking that this is the end of the exercise. Text A- Grammar Tips3 Focus on Grammar Exercises 3. 作表语 After the week’s groceries have been collected, the last trial is passing through the checkout. 4. 作定语 One of the things I am really fond of is the weekly shopping experience. Text A- Grammar Tips3 Focus on Grammar Exercises 三、动名词的完成式和被动式 1. 动名词的完成式由“having + 过去分词”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： He doesn’t remember having ever promised me that. 2. 动名词的被动式由“being + 过去分词”构成。例如： He entered the room without being noticed. Text A- Grammar Tips3 Focus on Grammar Exercises 四、动名词的复合结构 物主代词或名词所有格与动名词连用，构成动名词复合结构。这种结构相当于一个主谓结构，在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： Your going there won’t help much. I don’t like your being late. 一、过去分词的形式和特征 过去分词由动词原形加词尾 -ed 构成，不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆。过去分词表示被动的意思或动作的完成。 Text A- Grammar Tips3 Focus on Grammar Exercises 二、过去分词的用法 过去分词在句中可以担当定语、表语、状语、宾（主）语补足语。 1. 做定语 The members of an extended family are called relatives. I came to typhoid fever — read the symptoms listed. 2. 做表语 Don’t get excited, please. 3. 做状语 Given better attention, the trees could grow better. I sat for a while, frozen with horror. Text A- Grammar Tips3 Focus on Grammar Exercises I sat there, lost in thought. Shocked, I tried to look at my tongue. 4. 做宾（主）补足语