湘潭大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题.docxVIP

湘潭大学 2020 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 考试科目名称及代码： 英语（＿外） 240 适 用 专 业： 日语语言文学， 法语语言文学， 德语语言文学注意： 所有答题一律写在答题纸上， 否则无效。 Section I Use of English Directions: Readthe following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET (IO points) The changes in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earths surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those _J__ by models that take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability. To _2—the question of attribution requires the _1_ of more powerful and complex methods, beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on _1 maps or patterns of temperature change in立_ and in models. Pattern analysis is the climatologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical analogy mentioned上and makes it possible to achieve more definitive _]_ of observed climate changes to a particular cause or causes. The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole 垄_ cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful立technique. The basic idea _lQ_ pattern-based approaches is that different上causes of acclimate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to 12 a fingerprint match between the patterns of climate change丛by models and those actually observed The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible (辨认得出的）」土 on global climate and that these activities will have and increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, 丘 various agricultural and industrial practices, are altering the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased atmospheric革of a number of gree汕ouse gases, including carbon dioxide