建筑环境与设备工程专业英语翻译.pdfVIP

A thermodynamic system is a region in space or a quantity of matter bounded by a closed surface. The surroundings include everything external to the system, and the system is separated from the surroundings by the system boundaries. These boundaries can be movable or fixed, real or imaginary. 一个热力学系统是一个在空间或有事项的数量由一个封闭的表面范围内的区域。 周围环境包括一切外部系统， 系统是从周围环境隔开的系统边界。 这些边界可以 是动产或固定的，真实的或想象。 The concepts that operate in any thermodynamic system are entropy and energy. Entropy measures the molecular disorder of a system. The more mixed a system, the greater its entropy; conversely, an orderly or unmixed configuration is one of low entropy. Energy has the capacity for producing an effect and can be categorized into either stored or transient forms as described in the following sections. 熵和能量的概念， 在任何热力学系统操作。 熵措施分子系统紊乱。 更为复杂的系 统，其熵值越大，反之，有序或纯配置是低熵之一。能源已经产生效果的能力， 并在下面的章节中所述，可以存储或短暂形式分类。 Heat Q is the mechanism that transfers energy across the boundaries of systems with differing temperatures, always toward the lower temperature. Heat is positive when energy is added to the system. Work is the mechanism that transfers energy across the boundaries of systems with differing pressures (or force of any kind), always toward the lower pressure. If the total effect produced in the system can be reduced to the raising of a weight, then nothing but work has crossed the boundary. Work is positive when energy is removed from the system. 热量 Q 与不同的温度，跨系统的边界传输能量总是向温度较低的机制。热是积 极的，当能量被添加到系统中。 功是指通过存在压差 （任一种力）的系统边界传递能量的作用过程， 总是指向低 压，如果系统中产生的总效果能被简化为一个重物的提升， 那么只有功通过了边 界，当能量从系统中一出时，功是正的。 A property of a system is any observable characteristic of the system. The state of a system is defined by listing its properties. The most common thermodynamic properties are temperature T, pressure p, and specific volume v o