世界非物质文化遗产古琴中英文.ppt

第一页，共20页 A Brief Introduction The guqin is a plucked seven-string Chinese musical instrument of the zither family. It has been played since ancient times, and has traditionally been favored by scholars and literati as an instrument of great subtlety and refinement, as highlighted by the quote "a gentleman does not part with his qin or se without good reason," as well as being associated with the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius. It is sometimes referred to by the Chinese as "the father of Chinese music" or "the instrument of the sages".（古琴音乐也被誉为“国乐之父”、“圣人音乐”） The guqin is not to be confused with the guzheng, another Chinese long zither also without frets, but with moveable bridges under each string. Because Robert Hans van Gulik's famous book about the qin is called The Lore of the Chinese Lute, the guqin is sometimes inaccurately called a lute.Other incorrect classifications, mainly from music compact discs, include "harp" or "table-harp". 第二页，共20页 概述 古琴，又称瑶琴、玉琴、丝桐和七弦琴，是中国汉族传统拨弦乐器，有三千年以上历史，属于八音中的丝。古琴音域宽广，音色深沉，余音悠远。 自古“琴”为其特指，19世纪20年代起为了与钢琴区别而改称古琴。初为5弦，汉朝起定制为7弦，且有标志音律的13个徽，亦为礼器和乐律法器。琴是汉文化中地位最崇高的乐器，有“士无故不撤琴瑟”和“左琴右书”之说。位列中国传统文化四艺“琴棋书画”之首，被文人视为高雅的代表，亦为文人吟唱时的伴奏乐器，自古以来一直是许多文人必备的知识和必修的科目。伯牙、钟子期以“高山流水”而成知音的故事流传至今；琴台被视为友谊的象征。大量诗词文赋中有琴的身影。 现存琴曲3360多首，琴谱130多部，琴歌300首。主要流传范围是中华文化圈国家和地区，如中国、朝鲜、日本和东南亚，而欧洲、美洲也有琴人组织的琴社。古琴作为中国最早的弹拨乐器，是汉族文化中的瑰宝，是人类口头和非物质遗产代表作。 第三页，共20页 Guqin and the Guqin Arts 　In 2003, guqin music was proclaimed as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. 2003年11月7日，中国古琴艺术继昆曲之后，入选世界“人类口头和非物质遗产代表作”名录，有着3000年悠久历史的古琴艺术的突出价值再次得到了世界公认。 古琴，是物，它不是非物质文化遗产；古琴演奏家，是人，也不是非物质文化遗产；只有古琴的发明、制作、弹奏技巧、曲调谱写、演奏仪式、传承体系、思想内涵等等，才是非物质文化遗产本体。所以，联合国批准的世界遗产是“中国古琴艺术”，而不是古琴这个乐器或那些古琴演奏家，虽然古琴这种乐器和那些演奏家们都很重要。 　 第四页，共20页 The Shape(CONSTRUCTION) According to tradition, the qin originally had five strings, representing the five elements of metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Later, in the Zhou dynasty, Zhou Wen Wang added a sixth string