《大气科学导论》第6章气溶胶.pptx

1;2;本章主要内容;Size of Various Particles;;;大气颗粒物循环;气溶胶的源 可以分为自然的源和人为的源： 自然源 （natural sources): 风吹起的沙尘 海水飞沫 火山喷发 生物排放的气体生成气溶胶 人为源 (anthropogenic sources): 化石燃料的燃烧（如汽车）和工业 生物质燃烧;The first day of spring brought a massive sandstorm to China. The sand and dust were swept thousands of kilometers south and east from the arid terrain of Inner Mongolia. The yellow dust reduced visibility and air quality to potentially hazardous levels in the nation’s capital (Beijing), and as far away as Taiwan and Japan. (Dust was visible over Japan just a few days later.) This natural-color image from the MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite shows the dust storm on Saturday, March 20, 2010. Few landmarks or topographic features are recognizable beneath the dust, which covers the lower half of the image and wraps around the right-hand side in a comma shape that terminates in a large ball of dust near image center. This pattern is consistent with the passing of a cold weather front bearing a strong area of low pressure at the surface. These weather systems, known as mid-latitude cyclones, are often associated with giant comma-shaped clouds that reveal how air from a very wide area gets drawn in toward the low- pressure heart of the storm. The comma shape is more pronounced in the large version of the image.;This image of gray/brown dust being blown over Japan was captured on March 21, 2010 by the MODIS on the Terra satellite. On the left is the Korean peninsula. Japan stretches diagonally across the image, up to the top right corner. The dust is likely from the sandstorm that swept across the China the previous day. The sand and dust originated from the south and east of Inner Mongolia.;;;;;;;;;不同粒径尺度的气溶胶通常也有不同的化学组分;气溶胶粒子的尺度: 细粒子和粗粒子;;;全球气溶胶光学厚度;From AOD ? surface PM2.5 concentrations;;26;Quinn and Bates 2005, JGR;Quinn and Bates 2005;Quinn and Bates 2005;ACE-ASIA Seinfeld et al. 2004;WMO的气溶胶观测网络;AERONET (aerosol robotic network)： 美国NASA在全球的气溶胶观测网络;酸雨生成;? 酸性雨的积累效应导致土壤 水体酸化 ? 影响植物生态环境 ? 影响建筑和金属结构;饱经风