数学物理方法Chapt 5 (complete).pdf

Chapt 5: Partial Differential Equations 数理方程、方程的解 Chapter 20 (20.1-20.3) MMPE Contents: 5.1 Import PDEs of Physics 5.2 Solutions to PDE General form of solution, General Particular Solutions (first- and seconder-order PDE) Chapt 5: 数理方程 1 shi.xq@sustc.edu.cn Introduction （1 ）  Apartial differential equation (PDE) is an equation relating an unknown function (the dependent variable u) of two or more variables to its partial derivatives with respect to those variables. 自变量  The most commonly occurring independent variables are those describing position and time.  We restrict to linear PDEs that arise most often in physical situations. (Linear: i.e. those of first degree in the dependent variable) vs nonlinear 次 回顾： 有理化后 三阶二次 Chapt 5: 数理方程 2 shi.xq@sustc.edu.cn Introduction （2 ）  General solutions of PDEs: arbitrary functions. (2 + 2) Particular solutions may be determined from boundary conditions.  We also discuss the existence of the solutions to PDEs under given boundary conditions. Chapt 5: 数理方程 3 shi.xq@sustc.edu.cn 5.1 Import PDEs 5.1 Import PDEs of Physics  Most of the important PDEs of physics are second-order and linear.  Some of the more important ones will now be briefly discussed. These equations apply to a wide variety of different physical systems.